Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas: The Three Mental Qualities in Ayurveda

The potential energy in the cell is awareness; it becomes active due to the kinetic energy of rajas; then the cell becomes inert because of the tamasic quality. Thus these three qualities are absolutely necessary for the psychobiological activities of the human body. Psychological Constitutions Indian philosophy classifies human temperaments into three basic types: sattvic, rajasic, and tamasic. These types all differ in psychological and moral disposition, as well as in their reactions to social, cultural, and physical conditions, as is described in the classical texts of Ayurveda.

Sattvic qualities imply essence, reality, consciousness, purity, and clarity of perception. People in whom sattvic qualities predominate are loving, compassionate, religious, and pure-minded, following truth and righteousness. They tend to have good manners and positive behavior, and they do not easily become upset or angry. Although they work hard mentally, they do not get mental fatigue, so they need only four to five hours of sleep at night.

They look fresh, alert, aware, and full of luster and are recognized for their wisdom, happiness, and joy. They are creative, humble, and respectful of their teachers. Worshiping God and humanity, they love all. They care for people, birds, animals, and trees and are respectful of every life and existence.

Rajasic individuals are loving, calm, and patient—so long as their own interests are served! All their activities are self-centered and egotistical. They are kind, friendly, and faithful only to those who are helpful to them. All movement and activity is due to rajas, which leads to the life of sensual enjoyment, pleasure and pain, effort and restlessness.

People in whom rajasic qualities predominate tend to be egoistic, ambitious, aggressive, proud, and competitive and have a tendency to control others. They like power, prestige, and position and are perfectionists. They are hard-working people but may be lacking in proper planning and direction. Emotionally they tend to be angry, jealous, and ambitious and to have few moments of joy.